The Theft of the Red River Medicine Stone, a giant meteorite, may have deeply affected relations between nations in the Red River Valley.

Establishing the Chickasaw Nation along the Red River proved to be a long ordeal.

The Shawnees were originally from the Ohio River, not the Red River.

The Kiowas of the Oklahoma Plains created a unique horse and buffalo hunting culture.

One of the more fascinating cultures of the original Red River Valley people are the Tonkawas, a very distinct Texas tribe.

The academies established by the Choctaws and Chickasaws in Indian Territory were mission schools.

While in Fort Worth upon her capture in 1860, Cynthia Ann Parker's first photograph was taken while she nursed her daughter.

The Osage Nation claims to have held territory from the Ohio to the Red River Valley of the South.

The Comancheria — the Comanche Empire — became a formidable force for both the Europeans and Anglo American colonizers.

The Choctaw Nation was the first of the "five civilized tribes" to face removal into Indian Territory.

Four major tribes — the Red River Originals — inhabited the Red River Valley of the Southwest before and during European invasion.

The Trail of Tears for the Choctaws ended at a little place called Ultima Thule, and the beginning of their new home was Eagletown.

The Wichitas were the people of the Cross Timbers.

The original homelands of the Caddos consist of the Red River Valley from southeastern Oklahoma to Natchitoches, Louisiana.

Fort Los Adaes near Robeline, Louisiana was once the capital of Spanish Texas.

The village of Natchitoches welcomed Fort St. Jean Baptiste in the early 18th century.

Doaksville in Choctaw County, Oklahoma is now a ghost town but was once a very important place.

Spanish Fort in Montague County, Texas was originally a Taovayan village that spanned the Red River.

San Calixto in the Wichita Mountains - the Sierra Jumanos - was probably the base for gold prospecting after it failed as a mission in 1629.

Annotated editorial from the Chicago Tribune to provide some context about slavery in the Choctaw Nation.