Farmers outside closed bank
in Frederick, Oklahoma 1933.
WPA photo by Dorothea
Lange, Library of Congress.
Leroy Baker is an upholsterer by trade. He grew up during the Depression on the Great Plains, in
Frederick, Oklahoma, where the dust blew and the crops withered. Through the WPA and CCC, his
father found work in South Texas and then in Paris, Texas, but he still remembers Frederick as home.

Oral history taken November, 2004

Frederick, Oklahoma is my hometown. My daddy was an agricultural worker there during the 1930s, before we
moved to South Texas for the WPA. WE lived in a migrant shack close to the fields, and I remember the weather
the most - the floods when the rains came, and the constant threat of tornadoes. Daddy took the wheels off an old
car, put trace chains around the body, then piled earth on top of the northwest side - that became our storm
cellar. He was afraid of tornadoes because as a six year old boy, he'd been carried away by a twister for a few
miles.

Another memory is when all us kids played revival, which was the main form of entertainment for the grown-ups
then. We pretended the running boards around the cars were pews, and my friend Billy would yell "Hominy,
hominy, hominy" while the rest of us began to speak in tongues. We got whipped for that, because our parents
thought that was sacrilegious!

I also remember the concrete road between Frederick and Lawton, which we called the "rocking chair highway"
because the joists were so close together, making all of us sway back and forth in the car. I wonder if the road is
still like that?
Growing Up in
Frederick